and shut-ins as ways in which this function has been exercised. The guiding function consists of “assisting perplexed persons to make confident choices … when such choices are viewed as affecting the present and future state of the soul.” Throughout the centuries pastoral caregivers have used two basic forms of guidance. Inductive guidance leads the persons cared for to adopt a priori sets of values as the basis for making decisions. Eductive guidance (from “educe,” i.e., “bring out”) elicits criteria